Como terão facilmente depreendido, o primeiro é uma reflexão sobre o estilo gótico, ao passo que o segundo versa sobre o ferro, como material essencial para uma sociedade, uma nação, nos três domínios que a caracterizam: o Arado, a Corrente, e a Espada (o Pão, a Lei e a Guerra). Devo dizer que achei particularmente interessante a sua visão da beleza que existe no estilo gótico, por natureza imperfeita, em oposição à beleza clássica, grega, de necessária perfeição.
De qualquer forma, a princípio, e durante uma boa parte do livro, parecia estar perante um desilusão. Havia ali considerações sobre um estilo arquitectónico e uma matéria-prima que aborreciam bastante. Percebi, contudo, que era em apartes, considerações mais abrangentes, que Ruskin mereceu ter estes dois capítulos sob a égide do 'Great Ideas'. Atentemos nestas duas passagens, a primeira relativa ao primeiro capítulo, de 1853:
"It is verily the degradation of the operative into a machine, which, more than any other evil of the times, is leading the mass of nations everywhere into vain, incoherent, destructive struggling for a freedom of which they cannot explain the nature to themselves. Their universal outcry against nobility, is not forced from them either by the pressure of famine, or the sting of mortified pride. These do much, and have done much in all ages; but the foundations of society were never yet shaken as they are this day. It is not that men are ill fed, but that they have no pleasure in the work by which they make their bread, and therefore look to wealth as the only means of pleasure. It is not that men are pained by the scorn of the upper classes, but they cannot endure their own; for they feel that the kind of labour to which they are condemned is verily a degrading one, and makes them less than men."
e a segunda retirada do segundo capítulo (1859):
"By far the greater part of the suffering and crime which exist at this moment in civilized Europe, arises simply from people not understanding this truism - not knowing that produce or wealth is eternally connected by the laws of heaven and earth with resolute labour; but hoping in some way to cheat or abrogate this ever-lasting law of life, and to feed where they have not furrowed, and to be warm where they have not woven. (...) The law of nature is that a certain quantity of work is necessary to produce a certain quantity of good, of any kind whatever. But men do not acknowledge this law; or strive to evade it, hoping to get their knowledge, and food, and pleasure for nothing: and in this effort they either fail of getting them, and remain ignorant and miserable, or they obtain them by making other men work for their benefit; and then they are tyrants and robbers."
Segunda metade do séc. XIX. Pois é.
Kilometragem em língua inglesa: 402 páginas (inclui 'Reading List 2', de novo por picuinhice; "On Art and Life" tem 98 páginas).